As a behaviorist, I talk a lot about the “metabolic tax” we put on dogs when we use endless treats to control them. But there is a massive piece of the puzzle that rarely gets discussed in training circles: Genetics.
We treat all dogs like they are the same blank slate, but the reality is that some dogs are walking into our training sessions with a biological disadvantage. If you own a breed like a Weimaraner, your “training treats” might be more than just extra calories—they might be a direct threat to your dog’s health.
The Weimaraner Connection
Weimaraners are one of several breeds that carry a genetic mutation known as Hyperuricosuria (HUU).
In simple terms, these dogs have a harder time processing purines—the same stuff found in high concentrations in organ meats like liver. Because their bodies struggle to break these down, their urine becomes “over-saturated” with uric acid. This is the perfect recipe for forming painful, jagged bladder stones.
For a Weimaraner, a handful of “high-value” liver treats isn’t just a snack; it’s like throwing a wrench into a system that is already struggling to stay balanced.
Who Else is on the List?
It isn’t just Weimaraners. Many breeds are genetically predisposed to bladder issues, often making their urinary systems far more sensitive to diet than others:
- The High-Risk Club: Dalmatians are famous for this, but Bulldogs, Black Russian Terriers, German Shepherds, and Australian Shepherds also carry the risk for the same issues as the Weimaraner.
- The Stone-Formers: Breeds like Miniature Schnauzers, Shih Tzus, and Bichon Frisés have historically sensitive urinary systems that are quick to form crystals or stones when their diet is shifted, even slightly.
What Should You Do?
If you own one of these breeds, you have to stop treating their metabolism like a “one-size-fits-all” machine. Here is how to keep them safe:
- Know Your Genetics: There is a simple, cheap cheek-swab DNA test for the HUU mutation. If you have a high-risk breed, get the test. It will tell you exactly how careful you need to be.
- Stop the “Treat Train”: If your dog is a stone-former, you cannot use high-purine, organ-based, or overly processed jerky treats. It is not worth the risk of a trip to the vet for surgery.
- Dilution is Your Best Friend: The best way to stop stones from forming is to keep the urine dilute. Add water to their meals and make sure they are drinking constantly. The more they flush their system, the harder it is for those stones to take hold.
The Bottom Line
We need to get out of the habit of mindlessly handing out treats to “get the behavior.” When we ignore a dog’s genetic makeup, we aren’t being good trainers—we are being reckless.
Before you reach for that liver treat again, ask yourself: Does my dog’s genetics make this reward a gamble I’m willing to take? Sometimes, the most responsible thing you can do is put the treat pouch away and find a different way to connect.
Are there other breeds you’re currently working with that you’re concerned about, or does this cover the main ones on your radar?
Robert!
I have a GSD mix (collie mix(dad) with shepherd(mom)) , I’ll get him tested for the mutation but would you recommend something else other than liver? We currently use beef liver, dried sardines, salmon only single ingridient treats mostly in moderation but some days are different than the others